Since the 1960s, global GDP has been rapidly rising and living standards have reached record highs. But something else has been rocketing up too – carbon emissions. For years, scientists and economists have been asking: is it possible to grow without heating and polluting the Earth? And as the climate becomes more unstable, the issue is only becoming more urgent. Madeleine Finlay hears from two economists arguing for a change in how we measure a country’s success. Nick Stern is professor of economics and government at the London School of Economics and an advocate of green growth, an approach to growth that prioritises green industry. Jason Hickel is a political economist and professor at the Autonomous University of Barcelona who advocates degrowth, shrinking parts of the economy that do not advance our social and ecological goals.
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Federica Mercuriello built her business in the “in-between moments.”
Also note the use of _call.call(_toString, original) rather than simply original.toString(). This is because original.toString might itself be hooked by the time spoof is called. By holding cached references to Function.prototype.call and Function.prototype.toString at the very beginning of the script (before any page code runs), and invoking them via those cached references, the spoof function is immune to any tampering that might have happened in the interim. It’s eating its own tail in the most delightful way.
Mostly. This is because, theoretically, we could still save the ISS and move it into higher orbit. NASA has calculated that propelling the station more than 640 kilometers above Earth would keep it alive for 100 years—and also require at least 18.9 metric tons of propellant. That’s roughly 2,000 airline carry-ons. A thousand years would require at least 36 metric tons. If that doesn’t seem like very much, consider the fact that, right now, no vehicle can transport that amount of gas to the station. The still-in-development SpaceX megarocket Starship might be able to haul a significant percentage, but it would struggle to dock with the station, according to the space agency’s estimations.